![]() ![]() That’s how left-handed sugars can produce sweetness without calories.Īll the proteins in your body and in all organisms on Earth are made from amino acids that rotate the direction of polarization of light counterclockwise. ![]() The left-handed sugar (l-glucose) tastes just as sweet as the right-handed one (d-glucose), but your body can’t use it as an energy source. However, the atoms in each of these isomers are arranged in a different pattern. Both d-glucose and l-glucose have the same chemical formula: C 6H 12O 6. It can only be made by inorganic chemical synthesis. Another sugar, called l-glucose, rotates the direction of polarization counterclockwise. Some optically active solutions rotate the direction of polarization clockwise, to the right others rotate it counterclockwise, to the left.Īll organically produced glucose rotates the direction of polarization of light clockwise. Materials that change the orientation of polarized light are called optically active materials. The rope waves won’t get through if they are vibrating perpendicular to the slats.) As you rotate the filter, each orientation of the rotated filter produces a different dominant color, as does each different depth of sugar solution. If a certain color of light has its polarization perpendicular to the axis of the polarizing filter, it is blocked out completely. The intensity of the other colors in the light, which have different directions of vibration, is diminished. Only certain wavelengths or colors of light have the appropriate polarization. However, when you look through a second polarizing filter, you see only the light that is vibrating in a direction that can pass through the filter. ![]() When viewed without a polarizing filter, this light still appears white because our unaided eyes cannot detect the direction of polarization of light. When the white light emerges from the sugar solution, each color in the light has its own direction of polarization. Blue light, with its shorter wavelength, rotates more than longer-wavelength red light. Finally, the angle of rotation depends on the wavelength or color of the light. It also depends on the concentration of the syrup: The more concentrated the syrup, the greater the rotation. The amount of rotation depends on the depth of the syrup: The angle of rotation is proportional to the depth. Light vibrating from to side to side, for example, might end up vibrating at a 45-degree angle. When polarized light passes through the Karo syrup, the direction of its polarization is changed. The polarizing filter under the sugar solution polarizes this light so it vibrates in one direction only. That means it vibrates in all directions perpendicular to the light’s direction of motion. The light emerging from the light source at the bottom of the tube is unpolarized. If you orient a polarizing filter properly, vertically polarized light waves can pass through the filter, while waves vibrating in other directions are blocked. Vertically polarized rope waves can pass through the slots between the vertical slats in a fence waves vibrating in other directions are blocked by the slats. If the waves vibrate up and down, they are vertically polarized. ![]() To understand what this means, picture waves traveling along a rope. In this polarized light, the light waves all wiggle in the same direction. Your polarizing filter lets through only the light that is vibrating in one particular direction. Light from most ordinary light sources wiggles up and down, left and right, and diagonally. ![]()
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